Which of the following is commonly used to reduce the toxicity of pesticides?

Dilution is a widely recognized method for reducing the toxicity of pesticides. By mixing the pesticide with a larger volume of water or another suitable carrier, the concentration of active ingredients in the final solution becomes lower. This decrease in concentration can lead to reduced harmful effects on non-target organisms, beneficial insects, and the environment, making it a safer option for application.

In pest management practices, achieving the correct dilution ratio is crucial, as it ensures that the pesticide remains effective against pests while minimizing risk to humans, wildlife, and the ecosystem. This practice is particularly important when applying pesticides in sensitive areas or when dealing with highly toxic formulations.

Other methods mentioned, such as concentration, heat application, or freeze treatment, are not standard practices for reducing pesticide toxicity. Concentration would actually increase the toxicity, while heat or freeze treatments may alter the chemical composition without effectively addressing the toxicity for safe use.